← AI Terminology

Sim-to-Real

Sim-to-real is the transfer of policies or models trained in simulation to physical robots or real environments, bridging the reality gap.

A central challenge in robot learning.
Why It Matters in AI
Real robot data is slow and risky; sim is plentiful but biased. Domain randomisation, system identification, and real fine-tuning enable deployable skills — essential for modern robotics AI.
Key Points
Aspect Description
Gap Physics, sensors, latency differ from sim
Metric Real-world success rate after transfer
Stacks Isaac Sim, MuJoCo, Habitat + real robots
Methods Domain randomisation, domain adaptation, real residual learning
Related Model-based RL, imitation, embodied AI
Practice Start simple skills; instrument carefully
Simple Analogy
Flight sim hours before piloting a real plane — useful practice, but wind and metal still feel different on the first live takeoff.
Common Usage Examples
  • Domain-randomise textures/masses in sim
  • Deploy locomotion policies on hardware
  • Few real demos to adapt
  • Measure gap ablations
Summary
In short: Sim-to-real transfers simulated training to physical systems — closing the reality gap for robot learning.