← AI Terminology

KV-Cache Quantization

KV-cache quantization stores attention key/value caches in lower precision (INT8/FP8/INT4) during generation to cut memory and bandwidth.

Critical for long-context and high-concurrency serving.
Why It Matters in AI
Decode is bandwidth-bound by KV reads. Quantising caches often yields large free throughput wins with small quality loss when done carefully — a hot inference-engineering lever.
Key Points
Aspect Description
Why KV dominates memory at long n and large batch
Pair GQA/MLA already shrink KV
Risk Quality loss; outliers need special handling
Engines vLLM, TensorRT-LLM, research kernels
Formats INT8/FP8 common; research on 4-bit KV
Related Paged attention, prefill vs decode
Simple Analogy
Keeping meeting notes in shorthand instead of full transcripts — much thinner folder, almost the same ability to recall decisions.
Common Usage Examples
  • Enable KV quant flags in serving engines
  • Measure TPS and MMLU-style regressions
  • Long-context stress tests
  • Combine with GQA
Summary
In short: KV-cache quantization stores attention caches in low precision — freeing memory bandwidth for faster long-context decode.