← AI Terminology

Preference Data

Preference data records which among candidate responses is better (pairwise or ranked), used to train reward models or direct preference methods like DPO.

It is the fuel of modern alignment beyond pure SFT.
Why It Matters in AI
SFT shows one good answer; preferences teach relative quality and subtle policy. Collecting, cleaning, and balancing preference data dominates RLHF/DPO quality. Garbage prefs → sycophantic or hacked models.
Key Points
Aspect Description
Use RM training, DPO/ORPO/KTO, best-of-N targets
Bias Length, style, annotator subjectivity
Form Prompt + chosen + rejected (+ ties)
Scale Thousands to millions of pairs
Related RLHF, DPO, RLAIF
Sources Humans, RLAIF judges, hybrid
Simple Analogy
Not only sample essays, but marked pairs: “A is better than B for this prompt” — teaching taste, not only imitation.
Common Usage Examples
  • Anthropic HH-RLHF style datasets
  • Train DPO on chosen/rejected columns
  • Audit length bias in prefs
  • Inter-annotator agreement checks
Summary
In short: Preference data labels which outputs are better — the supervision behind RLHF, DPO, and modern alignment.