← AI Terminology

LLM-as-Judge

LLM-as-judge uses a language model to score or compare other model outputs (quality, safety, preference) when gold labels are expensive or subjective.

It scales evaluation and RLAIF-style pipelines.
Why It Matters in AI
Human eval does not scale; exact-match metrics miss open-ended quality. Judge models enable large offline evals and CI gates — if calibrated carefully against humans and debiased.
Key Points
Aspect Description
Use Chat quality, summarisation, safety filters
Modes Pointwise scores, pairwise prefs, rubrics
Risks Position bias, verbosity bias, self-preference
Tools MT-Bench style judges; proprietary eval APIs
Related Golden datasets, RLAIF, HELM
Mitigations Swap order, rubrics, ensembles, human calibration
Simple Analogy
Hiring a senior reviewer to grade junior essays with a rubric when you cannot read ten thousand papers yourself.
Common Usage Examples
  • Pairwise: which answer is more helpful?
  • Rubric scores 1–5 on faithfulness
  • Calibrate judge vs human kappa
  • CI fails if judge win-rate drops
Summary
In short: LLM-as-judge scores other model outputs with an LLM — scalable eval that must be calibrated against human judgment.